TESTOSTERONE LEVELS IN WOMEN 15-70 ng/dL – PCOS ≤150 ng/dL – TARGET FOR TRANSGENDER MEN 300-1,000 ng/dL PCOS is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, with an estimated prevalence of 8–13%. The syndrome encompasses gynecological...
Read More
Approximately 15 million preterm neonates are born annually and more than 1 million die from subsequent complications within the following 5 years. Adverse outcomes related to prematurity span a spectrum that includes neurodevelopmental (e.g., neurocognitive impairment, cerebral palsy, hearing...
Endometriosis is driven by relatively low levels of prenatal and postnatal testosterone. Testosterone affects the developing hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian (HPO) axis, and at low levels, it can result in an altered trajectory of reproductive and physiological phenotypes that can mediate the...
Obesity rates started rising notably in the United States in the 1980s, and the Black community and especially African American women were disproportionately affected. At the same time, rates of breast cancer increased rapidly, especially for hormone receptor–positive (HR+) disease. A...
The endometrial-myometrial junction EMJ is the transitional zone between the mucous membrane that is the endometrium and the outer smooth- muscle layer of the myometrium. The EMJ is structurally distinct from other mucosal – muscle interfaces within the human...
Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) are benign smooth muscle tumors originating from the uterus, and affect up to 77% of all reproductive-age women in the United States. No effective treatments other than myomectomy or hysterectomy exist, and approximately 200,000 hysterectomies are...
Endometriosis is driven by relatively low levels of prenatal and postnatal testosterone. Testosterone affects the developing hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian (HPO) axis, and at low levels, it can result in an altered trajectory of reproductive and physiological phenotypes that can mediate the...
Like other organs, organized contractions occur in the uterus. In the nonpregnant uterus, three patterns of contractility are typically encountered throughout the menstrual cycle. First, under the influence of E2 during the late follicular phase, uterine contractions are mainly retrograde...
Virtually all 1st world countries guarantee women access to IVF, save one the US. Insurance covers 4 cycles in France and Belgium, 3 in the UK. In Germany hormonal therapies for the support of ovum maturation are covered completely...
Endometriosis is driven by relatively low levels of prenatal and postnatal testosterone. Testosterone affects the developing hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian (HPO) axis, and at low levels, it can result in an altered trajectory of reproductive and physiological phenotypes that can mediate the...